Cataracts

Cataracts are a prevalent condition characterized by the clouding of the eye’s natural lens, affecting millions annually. This condition is prevalent among individuals over 60, with more than half of Americans in this age group experiencing it. The cloudiness results from protein buildup in the lens, obstructing light from reaching the retina.

Causes of Cataracts

Cataracts lead to a gradual, painless vision loss as the eye’s lens becomes cloudy with age. This condition typically develops slowly over time, often affecting both eyes, resulting in blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, and sensitivity to light. While common in older adults, cataracts can also be influenced by factors such as diabetes, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and certain medications. Several factors contribute, including:

• Injury: Physical damage to the eye can lead to cataract formation.
• Medication: Certain drugs, such as corticosteroids, can induce cataracts.
• Illness: Diseases like diabetes increase the risk of developing cataracts.
• Alcohol Use: Excessive alcohol consumption can accelerate the onset of cataracts.
• Ultraviolet Light Exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV rays can damage the eye’s lens.
• Smoking: Tobacco use is a significant risk factor.
• Family History: Genetics contributes to the development of cataracts.
• Radiation Exposure: Radiation treatments can contribute to cataract formation.
• Eye Surgery: Previous eye surgeries can sometimes result in cataracts.

Diagnosing Cataracts

Diagnosing cataracts involves several tests to confirm the condition and assess its severity. These tests typically include a visual acuity test to measure how well you can see at various distances.

• Dilated Eye Exam: Allows thorough examination of the eye’s internal structures.
• Visual Acuity Test: Measures how well you see at various distances.
• Tonometry: Tests the pressure inside the eye.

Recognizing Symptoms

At first, cataracts may not exhibit noticeable symptoms, making them challenging to detect without a professional eye examination. However, as they advance, individuals might experience symptoms including:

• Blurry or Hazy Vision: Objects need to be more sharp and clear.
• Double Vision: Seeing two images instead of one.
• Faded Colors: Colors may seem less vivid.
• Poor Vision in Bright Light: Glare sensitivity increases.
• Halos Around Lights: Rings of light appear around bright objects.
• Poor Night Vision: Difficulty seeing in low-light conditions.
• Yellowish Vision: A yellow tinge affects overall vision.
• Frequent Prescription Changes: Need for new eyeglasses or contact lens prescriptions often.

Treating Cataracts

When cataracts impair daily activities, surgical intervention might be necessary. Cataract surgery is widespread, with a success rate of about 90%, significantly improving vision for most patients. If both eyes require surgery, procedures are typically spaced four to eight weeks apart. Early-stage cataracts can sometimes be managed with non-surgical methods, such as:

• New Eyeglass Prescription: Updated lenses can improve vision.
• Anti-Glare Sunglasses: Reduces glare from bright lights.
• Magnifying Lenses: Assists with reading and close-up tasks.
• Brighter Lighting: Enhances visibility in daily activities.

Cataract Surgery

Our skilled doctors offer a cutting-edge, minimally invasive cataract procedure called phacoemulsification, or “phaco.” This technique involves creating a tiny incision in the eye to insert a small ultrasonic probe. The probe breaks the cloudy lens into tiny fragments, then gently suctioned out. The incision is so small that it heals on its own with a topical eye drop, eliminating the need for injections or stitches.

Our cataract surgeons in San Antonio, New Braunfels, Seguin, La Vernia, Hondo, and surrounding areas also excel in Laser Cataract Surgery. This advanced procedure uses a Femtosecond laser for enhanced precision and automation, including astigmatism correction with small incisions during the cataract surgery.

Once the cloudy lens is removed, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted. This advanced foldable IOL is inserted through the same small incision, significantly reducing recovery time and minimizing risks such as bleeding, scarring, irritation, and distortion.

YAG Capsulotomy for Secondary Cataracts

After cataract surgery, some patients experience a gradual clouding of the lens covering, known as after-cataract or secondary membrane. This common complication can cause blurred vision to return. Luckily, there is a solution.

A posterior capsulotomy, performed with an Nd: YAG laser, removes the cloudy back lining of the lens capsule, allowing light to pass through to the retina. This painless procedure is done in your doctor’s office without anesthesia and is considered safe. Most patients experience only short-term increased eye pressure.

While a YAG capsulotomy cannot prevent the initial clouding, it is highly beneficial for those who develop this complication. Like the original cataract surgery, weighing the potential risks and benefits before treatment is essential. Most patients see improved vision and reduced glare afterward.

Risks & Complications of Cataract Surgery

Untreated cataracts can worsen, potentially leading to permanent vision loss or blindness. Regular visits with your eye doctor are crucial to detect cataracts early and plan effective treatment. Most patients experience improved vision post-surgery, with about 90 percent seeing better results. While cataract surgery is generally safe, all surgeries carry some risks, including:

• Pain: Mild discomfort post-surgery, usually managed with medications.
• Infection: Rare but treatable with antibiotics.
• Swelling: Generally subsides with prescribed eye drops.
• Bleeding: Extremely rare and managed by medical professionals.
• Retinal Detachment: A serious but uncommon risk requiring prompt medical attention.

Intraocular Lens (IOL) Options

In the past, cataract surgery was limited to mono-focal lenses that could focus on either near or far objects, but not both. Today’s advancements provide enhanced flexibility and convenience. Cataract surgery now offers a range of IOL options to optimize outcomes.

• Multifocal IOLs: Provide full vision correction at near, intermediate, and far distances, often eliminating the need for glasses or contact lenses.
• Astigmatism-Correcting IOLs: Designed to correct astigmatism, providing clearer vision without additional corrective measures.

Toric IOLs for Astigmatism

Toric IOLs are tailored for patients with astigmatism. Previously, correcting astigmatism necessitated small corneal incisions. Nevertheless, toric IOLs enhance vision minus the additional incisions, resulting in a swifter and more comfortable recovery.

ReSTOR® Lens for Comprehensive Vision Correction

Flexible IOLs have traditionally improved vision after cataract surgery. Going beyond, the innovative ReSTOR® lens provides a complete spectrum of focusing distances from near to far. Its distinctive design features 12 gradual “step heights” for effortless focusing and superior distance vision.

Contact us today to schedule an appointment with an eye care professional for a comprehensive eye exam.